BBE 4404/5404 Bio-based Composites Engineering (3 credits)

Catalog Description:	Properties of Bio-based Composites
Prerequisites:	BP4301 Surface and Colloid Science in Bio-based products Manufacturing BP4303 Bio-based Materials Science
Class/Laboratory Schedule:	3 lectures per week
Location:	TBA
Instructors:	Steve Severtson & William Tze
Text:	Text Required: References: Adhesion and the Formulation of Adhesives. Wake, W.C., 2nd ed.; Applied Science Publishers: New York, NY, 1982. Adhesive Bonding of Wood and Other Structural Materials. Blomquist, R.F., et al. eds.; Pennsylvania State University, Materials Research Laboratory: University Park, PA, 1983. Handbook of Adhesive Technology. Pizzi, A., Mittal, K.L. eds.; 2nd ed. Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 2003.
Grading:	Student Performance Assessment: quizzes: 30%; two mid-terms: 40%; final: 30%

Topics

Introduction
- Nature of composites
- Advantages of composites
- History
- Ethics
Polymer science
- Polymerization mechanisms
- Molecular weight distributions of polymers
- Conformations of linear polymers
- Linear, branched, crosslinked and network polymers (gelation)
- Thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers
- Thermal and mechanical properties of polymeric materials
  - stress-strain behavior
  - glass transition temperature
  - polymer viscoelasticity
  - plasticizers and fillers
  - WLF transform
  - polymer fracture
Adhesion
- Cohesion, adhesion
- Surface energy, surface tension, wetting
- Interfacial physicochemical interactions
- Surface roughness and mechanical interlocking
- Polymer adsorption at the adherend surface (experimental)
Adherends
- Principal biopolymeric components: cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
- Cell wall architecture of plant and woody materials
- Mechanical properties of plant and woody materials
  - relationship to cell wall architecture
- Elasticity, plasticity, toughness, ductility and brittleness
- Ductile and brittle failure
  - stress concentrations and crack propagation
Adhesives
- Types: solvent based, solvent borne, hot melt, in situ cross-linked or polymerized
- Fillers, extenders, tackifiers
- Effects of time and temperature on adhesive curing
- Effects of adherend moisture content and surface characteristics
- Bondline thickness, gap-filling ability
- Adhesives in use:
  - protein, starch, dextrins
  - polyurethanes
  - urea formaldehyde
  - epoxies
  - melamine formaldehyde
  - acrylics
  - poly(vinyl acetate-alcohol)
  - tannins and lignins
  - poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate)
  - pressure-sensitive adhesives
  - phenol-resorcinol formaldehyde
  - high temperature adhesives
Composites
- Large particle composites
  - tensile behavior (rule of mixtures)
- Fiber reinforced composites
  - longitudinal and transverse tensile behavior
- Laminar composites
  - plywood
Mechanical behavior of composites
- comparison with parent components
- prediction of composite properties
- fracture of adhesively bonded wood joints
Current technologies and products
- Open and closed assembly time
- Pressing operations: hot, cold, RF, steam injection, microwave
- Products
  - plywood
  - OSB
  - glulam
  - particleboard
  - hardboard
  - MDF
  - I-joists
  - LVL
  - oriented strand lumber
  - crush-strand
New technologies and products—future directions
- Polyhydroxyalkanoates, polylactide
- Cellulose and lignin-based polymeric materials
- Wood-plastic composites
- Chemical modifications of plant and woody fibers
- Plant-fiber-reinforced composites
  - sisal mat/epoxy resin
  - cellulosic fiber/poly(vinyl chloride)
  - cotton or sisal fiber/polyacrylamide
  - sawdust/polystyrene
  - cellulosic fiber/polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene
  - jute fiber/polyester
  - vegetable fiber/phenol formaldehyde
  - lignocellulosic fiber/polyurethane
  - fiber reinforced elastomers

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