BBE 4313/5313 Pulp and Paper Unit Operations
(4 credits)
| Catalog Description: |
Application of principles of momentum, heat, and mass
transfer to unit operations in pulp/paper industry. Fluid
transport, filtration, sheet formation, sedimentation,
drainage, pressing, heat exchange, evaporation, washing,
bleaching, humidification/drying, chemical/energy recovery.
computer simulation of multiple-stage systems.
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| Prerequisites: |
BBE
4305, ChEn 4001, Math 2263, ME 3321, ME 3322
Intended for adults working in the wood and paper industries.
B.S. in basic sciences/engineering, or two years of
college level math, chemistry, and one year of physics.
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| Class/Laboratory Schedule: |
Fall Semester: September 7, 2004-December 15, 2004
Weekly online activities and written homework instead of class meetings.
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| Location: |
Weekly online activities and written homework instead
of class meetings.
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| Instructors: |
Shri
Ramaswamy
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| Text: |
Transport Processes and Unit Operations, Third
Edition. Christie J. Geankoplis, Prentice Hall PTR,
Englewood Cliffs. 1993. ISBN 0-13-930139-8.
Pulp and Paper Manufacture Volume 5: Alkaline Pulping. M.
J. Kocurek, Series and Technical Editor. Technical Section
of Canadian Pulp and Paper Association. 1989. ISBN 0-919893-71-6.
This is a joint publication of TAPPI (Technical Association
of Pulp and Paper Industry) and CPPA (Canadian Pulp and
Paper Association).
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| Grading: |
TBA
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Overview
Industry personnel who have taken some previous college-level
math and science courses will welcome "Pulp and Paper Unit Operations," a
credit course from the University of Minnesota, available online
for the first time. There are no classroom meetings, so students
can take this course from any location that has Web access. Study
times are flexible because you can participate in the Web course
at any time of day. Exams will be hand-written, and students will
arrange for proctors to supervise them.
People who are currently employed in the paper industry and want
to improve their knowledge and skills or others who want to learn
about the details of pulp and paper manufacturing will benefit
from this course. Any interested person who has completed the prerequisite
math and science courses may register.
Professor Shri
Ramaswamy from the U of M's Department of Bio-based Products
is putting his course notes, discussions, and resources online.
You submit weekly homework by mail, identify and proctor and
schedule your exams, and keep in touch with your professor and
classmates using a class Web site.
Course administration by Independent
and Distance Learning (IDL), College of Continuing Education,
University of Minnesota
Topics include:
The topics covered in this course include a review of mass and
energy balances, fluid mechanics and heat and mass transfer and
detailed study of the transport processes involved in various pulp
and paper unit operations namely Kraft pulping, washing, bleaching,
screening and cleaning, chemical recovery cycle. "Pulp and Paper
Unit Operations" is the second in a series of online courses that
will lead to a certificate
in Paper Science and Engineering, but you may also take the
course on its own.
Course Objectives
- Learn the basic principle of mass and energy balances, fluid
mechanics, heat and mass transfer
- Learn the details of various unit operations involved in pulp
and paper manufacture and technical problem solving applying
fundamental engineering principles.
Course Structure
The text, Transport Processes and Unit Operations by
Christie J. Geankoplis is the primary chemical engineering unit
operations textbook for the course. You will spend 2-3 weeks reviewing
the basics of mass and energy balances, fluid mechanics, and heat
and mass transfer. The review will be very helpful throughout the
course. Some principles not covered in the review will be studied
as they are first applied in the course.
You will study each of the unit operations as a separate module.
The materials for the unit operations are obtained from a variety
of sources including Pulp and Paper Manufacture Volume 5, Alkaline
Pulping by M. J. Kocurek. Homework problems are designed to
help you learn the principles and their applications in each of
the unit operations.
Syllabus
Review of Mass and Energy Balance, Fluid Mechanics, Heat
Transfer and Mass Transfer
Transportation and Metering of Fluids; Application of
Bernoulli equation; Theory and application of pumps, fans, blowers
and compressors; Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH); Cavitation;
Centrifugal and Positive Displacement pumps; Pump system head
curves; variable head vs total system head; Flow of Non-Newtonian
fluids; Agitation and Mixing – Theory, design
and application
Pulping: Kraft Pulping – Introduction,
Overview of Pulping Operation, Digesters, batch and continuous,
direct and indirect heating, heat exchanger design, reaction kinetics,
H-factor, transport phenomena during pulping, G factor, extended
delignification, rapid displacement heating (RDH), blow heat recovery,
condenser design.
Washing – Introduction, Transport Phenomena
during washing – diffusion vs displacement, single and multistage
washing, counter current rotary drum washers, dilution factor,
displacement ratio, washing capacity and efficiency, soda loss,
material and flow balances for systems with recycle. Filtration
vs thickening; basic theory of filtration, constant pressure and
constant flow; rotary drum filters
Screening and Cleaning – Introduction,
Objectives and Theory, Screening system process design, Centrifugal
Cleaners – forward and reverse cleaners, principles of operation,
drag vs centrifugal force, design and operating parameters, screening
and cleaning efficiency for multistage systems, material and flow
balances for systems with recycle.
Bleaching – Transport phenomena during
bleaching, mixers, pumps, bleach tower design and operation, up
flow vs down flow towers, washing after bleaching
Chemical Recovery – Kraft Recovery Process,
Introduction, Overview of kraft recovery, recovery cycle, properties
of black liquor – composition, density or specific gravity,
total solids, viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat, boiling
point, boiling point rise (BPR), heating value – higher and
lower heating value; evaporation, process requirements, single
effect and multiple effect evaporators (MEE), evaporator design
and operation, long tube vertical, raising film and falling film,
forced circulation, crystalizers, direct contact evaporation, heat
and mass transfer during single and multiple effect evaporation,
mass and energy balances in MEE, multiple effect analysis – capacity,
steam economy. Vapor Recompression Evaporators. Scaling and Scale
Control.
Chemical Recovery – Black Liquor combustion – basic
process steps – drying, pyrolysis, char combustion. Particle
entrainment, recovery boiler equipment - furnace, liquor spray,
combustion air system, smelt. Convective Heat Transfer, boiler
capacity, mass and energy balances
Chemical Recovery – Slaking and Causticizing,
Causticizing rates. Separation processes – sedimentation,
filtration, separation variables, clarifier design and operation,
material balances, lime reburning, calcining lime mud, rotary lime
kiln, mass and energy balances, fluidized bed calciners
Engineering Economics – Cost Estimation,
interest and investment costs, taxes and insurance, depreciation,
profitability, alternative investments and replacements, cost and
asset accounting, Net Present Value
Technical requirements:
- For basic computer hardware, operating system, and browser
requirements visit webct.umn.edu
- Daily access to the Web, a printer, MS Word
- A direct Internet connection if possible; modem users must
have 56.6 speed
Please note this course doesn't provide computer
training. Students need to be comfortable in Web browsing, electronic
file management, word processing, and managing e-mail attachments.
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